@dataknut)Please note that authorship is alphabetical. Contributions are listed below - see github for details and who to blame for what :-).
@dataknut)If you wish to refer to any of the material from this report please cite as:
Report circulation:
Report purpose:
This work is (c) 2019 the University of Southampton.
# done in makefile
Data downloaded from http://southampton.my-air.uk. See also https://www.southampton.gov.uk/environmental-issues/pollution/air-quality/.
Southampton City Council collects various forms of air quality data at the sites shown in 2.1. WHO publishes information on the health consequences and “acceptable” exposure levels for each of these.
lDT <- data.table::melt(dt, id.vars = c("site", "obsDateTime"), measure.vars = c("co",
"nox", "nox2", "noxes", "oz", "pm10", "pm2_5", "so2"), value.name = "value" # varies
)
# remove NA
lDT <- lDT[!is.na(value)]
t <- lDT[, .(from = min(obsDateTime), to = max(obsDateTime), nObs = .N), keyby = .(site,
variable)]
kableExtra::kable(t, caption = "Dates data available by site and measure", digits = 2) %>%
kable_styling()
| site | variable | from | to | nObs |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Southampton - A33 Roadside AURN | nox | 2016-01-26 11:00:00 | 2019-12-04 22:00:00 | 33046 |
| Southampton - A33 Roadside AURN | nox2 | 2016-01-26 11:00:00 | 2019-12-04 22:00:00 | 33034 |
| Southampton - A33 Roadside AURN | pm10 | 2016-01-04 13:00:00 | 2019-12-04 21:00:00 | 31985 |
| Southampton - Onslow Road | nox | 2016-01-01 00:00:00 | 2019-12-08 18:00:00 | 33223 |
| Southampton - Onslow Road | nox2 | 2016-01-01 00:00:00 | 2019-12-08 18:00:00 | 33219 |
| Southampton - Onslow Road | noxes | 2016-01-01 00:00:00 | 2019-12-08 18:00:00 | 33223 |
| Southampton - Victoria Road | nox | 2016-01-01 00:00:00 | 2019-06-21 08:00:00 | 25024 |
| Southampton - Victoria Road | nox2 | 2016-01-01 00:00:00 | 2019-06-21 08:00:00 | 25024 |
| Southampton - Victoria Road | noxes | 2016-01-01 00:00:00 | 2019-06-21 08:00:00 | 25024 |
| Southampton Background AURN | nox | 2016-01-01 00:00:00 | 2019-12-04 22:00:00 | 27948 |
| Southampton Background AURN | nox2 | 2016-01-01 00:00:00 | 2019-12-04 22:00:00 | 27961 |
| Southampton Background AURN | noxes | 2016-01-01 00:00:00 | 2019-01-01 00:00:00 | 20026 |
| Southampton Background AURN | oz | 2016-01-01 00:00:00 | 2019-12-04 22:00:00 | 27847 |
| Southampton Background AURN | pm10 | 2016-01-01 00:00:00 | 2019-12-04 22:00:00 | 24397 |
| Southampton Background AURN | pm2_5 | 2016-01-01 00:00:00 | 2019-12-04 22:00:00 | 26605 |
| Southampton Background AURN | so2 | 2016-01-01 00:00:00 | 2019-12-04 22:00:00 | 27399 |
Summarise previously downloaded and processed data…
skimr::skim(dt)
## Skim summary statistics
## n obs: 209832
## n variables: 10
##
## ── Variable type:character ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
## variable missing complete n min max empty n_unique
## site 0 209832 209832 22 31 0 6
##
## ── Variable type:logical ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
## variable missing complete n mean count
## co 209832 0 209832 NaN 209832
##
## ── Variable type:numeric ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
## variable missing complete n mean sd p0 p25 p50 p75 p100
## nox 90591 119241 209832 26.6 40.24 -5 4.7 13.3 32.1 746.3
## nox2 90594 119238 209832 36.98 22.53 -1.3 20.5 33 48.8 287.5
## noxes 131559 78273 209832 76.53 74.84 -1.4 32.8 56.9 94 1431.8
## oz 181985 27847 209832 40.5 23.12 -0.2 23.9 41.2 56 174.1
## pm10 153450 56382 209832 18.71 13.18 -3.5 10.9 15.8 23.1 761.6
## pm2_5 183227 26605 209832 12.15 9.58 -4 6.6 9.5 14.4 289.2
## so2 182433 27399 209832 3.01 3.36 -1.1 0.9 1.7 3.7 50.5
## hist
## ▇▁▁▁▁▁▁▁
## ▇▆▁▁▁▁▁▁
## ▇▁▁▁▁▁▁▁
## ▆▇▇▂▁▁▁▁
## ▇▁▁▁▁▁▁▁
## ▇▁▁▁▁▁▁▁
## ▇▁▁▁▁▁▁▁
##
## ── Variable type:POSIXct ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
## variable missing complete n min max median
## obsDateTime 0 209832 209832 2016-01-01 2019-12-31 2017-12-30
## n_unique
## 34972
t <- dt[, .(`co: Carbon Monoxide, mg/m3` = mean(co, na.rm = TRUE), `nox = Nitric Oxide, ug/m3` = mean(nox,
na.rm = TRUE), `nox2 = Nitrogen Dioxide, ug/m3` = mean(nox2, na.rm = TRUE),
`noxes = Oxides of Nitrogen, ug/m3` = mean(noxes, na.rm = TRUE), `oz = ozone, ug/m3` = mean(oz,
na.rm = TRUE), `pm10, ug/m3` = mean(pm10, na.rm = TRUE), `pm2_5, ug/m3` = mean(pm2_5,
na.rm = TRUE), `so2 = Sulphur Dioxide, ug/m3` = mean(so2, na.rm = TRUE)),
keyby = .(site)]
kableExtra::kable(t, caption = "Mean values per site (NaN indicates not measured)") %>%
kable_styling()
| site | co: Carbon Monoxide, mg/m3 | nox = Nitric Oxide, ug/m3 | nox2 = Nitrogen Dioxide, ug/m3 | noxes = Oxides of Nitrogen, ug/m3 | oz = ozone, ug/m3 | pm10, ug/m3 | pm2_5, ug/m3 | so2 = Sulphur Dioxide, ug/m3 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Southampton - A33 Roadside AURN | NaN | 34.00597 | 35.79520 | NaN | NaN | 19.04556 | NaN | NaN |
| Southampton - Bitterne | NaN | NaN | NaN | NaN | NaN | NaN | NaN | NaN |
| Southampton - Onslow Road | NaN | 29.85249 | 42.17603 | 87.94943 | NaN | NaN | NaN | NaN |
| Southampton - Redbridge | NaN | NaN | NaN | NaN | NaN | NaN | NaN | NaN |
| Southampton - Victoria Road | NaN | 27.41410 | 39.92920 | 81.96427 | NaN | NaN | NaN | NaN |
| Southampton Background AURN | NaN | 13.24819 | 29.55140 | 50.78906 | 40.50492 | 18.27441 | 12.15377 | 3.014884 |
Table 3.1 gives an indication of the availability of the different measures.
In this section we present graphical analysis of the previoulsy downloaded data. Note this is just a snapshot of the data available.
yLab <- "Nitrogen Dioxide (ug/m3)"
t <- lDT[variable == "nox2", .(mean = mean(value, na.rm = TRUE), sd = sd(value,
na.rm = TRUE), min = min(value, na.rm = TRUE), max = max(value, na.rm = TRUE)),
keyby = .(site)]
kableExtra::kable(t, caption = "Summary of nox2 data") %>% kable_styling()
| site | mean | sd | min | max |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Southampton - A33 Roadside AURN | 35.79520 | 25.00895 | 0.0 | 164.3 |
| Southampton - Onslow Road | 42.17603 | 21.07799 | 1.2 | 241.3 |
| Southampton - Victoria Road | 39.92920 | 23.97378 | -1.3 | 287.5 |
| Southampton Background AURN | 29.55140 | 16.94370 | 2.3 | 144.2 |
Table 4.1 suggests that there may be a few (5) negative values. These are summarised in 4.2 while Figure 4.1 shows the availability and levels of the pollutant data over time.
t <- head(dt[nox2 < 0], 10)
kableExtra::kable(t, caption = "Negative nox2 values (first 10)") %>% kable_styling()
| nox | nox2 | noxes | pm10 | site | co | oz | pm2_5 | so2 | obsDateTime |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0.4 | -0.1 | 0.6 | NA | Southampton - Victoria Road | NA | NA | NA | NA | 2016-01-29 04:00:00 |
| 0.8 | -0.5 | 0.7 | NA | Southampton - Victoria Road | NA | NA | NA | NA | 2016-11-27 05:00:00 |
| 0.9 | -1.1 | 0.3 | NA | Southampton - Victoria Road | NA | NA | NA | NA | 2016-11-27 06:00:00 |
| 1.5 | -0.2 | 2.1 | NA | Southampton - Victoria Road | NA | NA | NA | NA | 2017-02-06 00:00:00 |
| 1.1 | -1.3 | 0.3 | NA | Southampton - Victoria Road | NA | NA | NA | NA | 2017-02-06 01:00:00 |
t <- table(dt[nox < 0]$site)
kableExtra::kable(t, caption = "Negative nox2 values (count by site)") %>% kable_styling()
| Var1 | Freq |
|---|---|
| Southampton - Onslow Road | 248 |
| Southampton - Victoria Road | 166 |
# dt,xvar, yvar,fillVar, yLab
p <- makeTilePlot(lDT[variable == "nox2"], xVar = "obsDateTime", yVar = "site",
fillVar = "value", yLab = yLab)
p
Figure 4.1: Nitrogen Dioxide data availability and levels over time
# p <- ggplot2::ggplot(dt, aes(x = obsDateTime, y = nox2, colour = site,
# alpha = 0.1)) + geom_point(shape=4, size = 1)
t <- lDT[variable == "nox2" & value > 200][order(-value)]
kableExtra::kable(caption = paste0("Values greater than WHO threshold (NO2 > ",
hourlynox2Threshold_WHO, ")"), head(t, 10)) %>% kable_styling()
| site | obsDateTime | variable | value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Southampton - Victoria Road | 2016-11-30 17:00:00 | nox2 | 287.5 |
| Southampton - Victoria Road | 2016-11-30 19:00:00 | nox2 | 275.3 |
| Southampton - Victoria Road | 2016-11-30 18:00:00 | nox2 | 268.7 |
| Southampton - Victoria Road | 2017-01-05 18:00:00 | nox2 | 251.6 |
| Southampton - Victoria Road | 2017-01-05 17:00:00 | nox2 | 247.3 |
| Southampton - Victoria Road | 2017-01-24 18:00:00 | nox2 | 243.5 |
| Southampton - Victoria Road | 2017-01-24 19:00:00 | nox2 | 242.0 |
| Southampton - Onslow Road | 2016-03-08 09:00:00 | nox2 | 241.3 |
| Southampton - Victoria Road | 2017-01-03 08:00:00 | nox2 | 234.4 |
| Southampton - Victoria Road | 2017-01-03 09:00:00 | nox2 | 232.8 |
p <- makeDotPlot(lDT[variable == "nox2"], xVar = "obsDateTime", yVar = "value",
byVar = "site", yLab = yLab)
p <- p + geom_hline(yintercept = hourlynox2Threshold_WHO) + labs(caption = "Reference line = WHO hourly guideline threshold")
if (doPlotly) {
plotly::ggplotly(p) # interactive
} else {
p
}
Figure 4.2: Nitrogen Dioxide levels, Southampton (hourly)
Figure 4.2 shows hourly values for all sites. In the study period there were 23 hours when the hourly Nitrogen Dioxide level breached WHO guidelines. The worst 10 cases are shown in Table 4.3.
lDT[, obsDate := lubridate::date(obsDateTime)]
plotDT <- lDT[variable == "nox2", .(mean = mean(value, na.rm = TRUE)),
keyby = .(obsDate, site)]
p <- makeDotPlot(plotDT,
xVar = "obsDate",
yVar = "mean",
byVar = "site",
yLab = yLab)
p <- p +
geom_smooth() + # add smoothed line
labs(caption = "Trend line = Generalized additive model (gam) with integrated smoothness estimation")
if(doPlotly){
plotly::ggplotly(p) # interactive
} else {
p
}
Figure 4.3: Nitrogen Dioxide levels, Southampton (daily mean
Figure 4.3 shows daily mean values for all sites over time and includes smoother trend lines for each site.
Clearly the mean daily values show less variance (and less extremes) than the hourly data and there has also been a decreasing trend over time.
PM 10 data: has more sensors and wider coverage than PM2.5
yLab <- "PM 10 (ug/m3)"
t <- dt[, .(mean = mean(pm10, na.rm = TRUE), sd = sd(pm10, na.rm = TRUE), min = min(pm10,
na.rm = TRUE), max = max(pm10, na.rm = TRUE)), keyby = .(site)]
kableExtra::kable(t, caption = "Summary of pm10 data") %>% kable_styling()
| site | mean | sd | min | max |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Southampton - A33 Roadside AURN | 19.04556 | 14.36815 | 0.0 | 761.6 |
| Southampton - Bitterne | NaN | NA | Inf | -Inf |
| Southampton - Onslow Road | NaN | NA | Inf | -Inf |
| Southampton - Redbridge | NaN | NA | Inf | -Inf |
| Southampton - Victoria Road | NaN | NA | Inf | -Inf |
| Southampton Background AURN | 18.27441 | 11.42768 | -3.5 | 344.1 |
Table 4.4 suggests that there may be a few (19) negative values. These are shown in 4.5 while 4.4 shows data availability and PM 10 levels over time at each site.
t <- head(dt[pm10 < 0], nrow(dt[pm10 < 0]))
kableExtra::kable(t, caption = "Negative PM10 values") %>% kable_styling()
| nox | nox2 | noxes | pm10 | site | co | oz | pm2_5 | so2 | obsDateTime |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 4.9 | 17.5 | 25.0 | -0.9 | Southampton Background AURN | NA | 48.7 | -0.3 | 1.4 | 2016-04-16 10:00:00 |
| 3.1 | 15.1 | 19.8 | -2.0 | Southampton Background AURN | NA | 41.9 | 2.9 | 0.7 | 2016-06-12 06:00:00 |
| 5.7 | 15.3 | 24.0 | -2.1 | Southampton Background AURN | NA | 35.2 | 1.4 | 0.7 | 2016-06-12 07:00:00 |
| 1.0 | 8.6 | 10.1 | -1.2 | Southampton Background AURN | NA | 31.1 | 6.9 | 0.0 | 2017-06-11 03:00:00 |
| 5.0 | 13.4 | 21.0 | -0.1 | Southampton Background AURN | NA | 56.2 | 5.9 | 1.5 | 2017-06-30 11:00:00 |
| 1.1 | 11.2 | 12.9 | -0.6 | Southampton Background AURN | NA | 24.0 | 5.4 | 0.2 | 2017-07-04 02:00:00 |
| 7.9 | 12.6 | 24.8 | -0.1 | Southampton Background AURN | NA | 30.6 | 5.9 | 0.8 | 2017-07-26 12:00:00 |
| 1.0 | 4.6 | 6.2 | -0.1 | Southampton Background AURN | NA | 44.8 | 8.6 | 0.6 | 2017-08-17 03:00:00 |
| 7.6 | 23.2 | 34.9 | -1.6 | Southampton Background AURN | NA | 46.3 | 10.7 | 1.0 | 2017-08-18 15:00:00 |
| 7.5 | 18.8 | 30.3 | -3.5 | Southampton Background AURN | NA | 44.7 | 8.7 | NA | 2017-08-24 10:00:00 |
| 3.4 | 20.7 | 25.9 | -1.1 | Southampton Background AURN | NA | 48.6 | 8.5 | 0.9 | 2017-12-03 15:00:00 |
| 4.4 | 32.4 | 39.2 | -1.2 | Southampton Background AURN | NA | 34.6 | 2.5 | 0.7 | 2017-12-03 16:00:00 |
| 9.3 | 26.0 | 40.3 | -0.4 | Southampton Background AURN | NA | 57.4 | 2.9 | 2.0 | 2018-01-02 12:00:00 |
| 1.7 | 10.0 | 12.6 | -1.4 | Southampton Background AURN | NA | 25.0 | 6.1 | 0.9 | 2018-09-12 00:00:00 |
| 2.2 | 17.4 | 20.8 | -0.8 | Southampton Background AURN | NA | 54.1 | 2.3 | 3.5 | 2018-12-23 06:00:00 |
| 5.3 | 18.9 | 26.9 | -0.2 | Southampton Background AURN | NA | 43.9 | 5.6 | 1.3 | 2018-12-30 13:00:00 |
| 3.8 | 17.5 | 23.4 | -1.5 | Southampton Background AURN | NA | 45.6 | 4.9 | 1.1 | 2018-12-30 14:00:00 |
| 7.2 | 28.9 | 39.9 | -0.1 | Southampton Background AURN | NA | 37.8 | 6.0 | 1.3 | 2018-12-30 16:00:00 |
| 2.6 | 16.3 | 20.3 | -1.0 | Southampton Background AURN | NA | 52.9 | 6.0 | 1.0 | 2018-12-30 19:00:00 |
p <- makeTilePlot(lDT[variable == "pm10"], xVar = "obsDateTime", yVar = "site",
fillVar = "value", yLab = yLab)
p
Figure 4.4: Availability and level of PM 10 data over time
Figure 4.5 shows hourly PM 10 values for all sites and suggests there may be an extreme outlier (see Table 4.5).
t <- lDT[variable == "pm10" & value > 100][order(-value)]
kableExtra::kable(caption = "Extreme hourly values (PM 10 > 100)", t) %>% kable_styling()
| site | obsDateTime | variable | value | obsDate |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Southampton - A33 Roadside AURN | 2016-09-19 14:00:00 | pm10 | 761.6 | 2016-09-19 |
| Southampton - A33 Roadside AURN | 2016-08-09 14:00:00 | pm10 | 402.7 | 2016-08-09 |
| Southampton Background AURN | 2016-01-01 00:00:00 | pm10 | 344.1 | 2016-01-01 |
| Southampton - A33 Roadside AURN | 2017-05-05 01:00:00 | pm10 | 336.4 | 2017-05-05 |
| Southampton - A33 Roadside AURN | 2016-08-09 15:00:00 | pm10 | 328.0 | 2016-08-09 |
| Southampton - A33 Roadside AURN | 2016-08-09 04:00:00 | pm10 | 300.1 | 2016-08-09 |
| Southampton - A33 Roadside AURN | 2016-09-19 13:00:00 | pm10 | 290.7 | 2016-09-19 |
| Southampton - A33 Roadside AURN | 2017-06-19 04:00:00 | pm10 | 264.5 | 2017-06-19 |
| Southampton Background AURN | 2019-10-27 20:00:00 | pm10 | 252.5 | 2019-10-27 |
| Southampton - A33 Roadside AURN | 2016-11-30 04:00:00 | pm10 | 230.3 | 2016-11-30 |
| Southampton - A33 Roadside AURN | 2017-06-19 08:00:00 | pm10 | 214.4 | 2017-06-19 |
| Southampton - A33 Roadside AURN | 2017-06-18 20:00:00 | pm10 | 212.0 | 2017-06-18 |
| Southampton - A33 Roadside AURN | 2016-11-30 06:00:00 | pm10 | 201.6 | 2016-11-30 |
| Southampton - A33 Roadside AURN | 2017-04-14 12:00:00 | pm10 | 196.1 | 2017-04-14 |
| Southampton - A33 Roadside AURN | 2016-11-30 03:00:00 | pm10 | 195.8 | 2016-11-30 |
| Southampton - A33 Roadside AURN | 2017-06-18 19:00:00 | pm10 | 186.6 | 2017-06-18 |
| Southampton - A33 Roadside AURN | 2017-04-13 21:00:00 | pm10 | 186.1 | 2017-04-13 |
| Southampton - A33 Roadside AURN | 2016-08-09 05:00:00 | pm10 | 178.9 | 2016-08-09 |
| Southampton - A33 Roadside AURN | 2016-08-09 13:00:00 | pm10 | 176.6 | 2016-08-09 |
| Southampton - A33 Roadside AURN | 2017-05-05 00:00:00 | pm10 | 176.1 | 2017-05-05 |
| Southampton Background AURN | 2019-12-02 19:00:00 | pm10 | 174.6 | 2019-12-02 |
| Southampton - A33 Roadside AURN | 2017-05-05 07:00:00 | pm10 | 170.0 | 2017-05-05 |
| Southampton Background AURN | 2019-10-27 19:00:00 | pm10 | 162.2 | 2019-10-27 |
| Southampton - A33 Roadside AURN | 2017-06-19 05:00:00 | pm10 | 160.3 | 2017-06-19 |
| Southampton - A33 Roadside AURN | 2017-05-02 20:00:00 | pm10 | 159.0 | 2017-05-02 |
| Southampton - A33 Roadside AURN | 2017-06-19 07:00:00 | pm10 | 158.7 | 2017-06-19 |
| Southampton - A33 Roadside AURN | 2017-06-19 03:00:00 | pm10 | 155.5 | 2017-06-19 |
| Southampton - A33 Roadside AURN | 2016-08-09 07:00:00 | pm10 | 154.7 | 2016-08-09 |
| Southampton - A33 Roadside AURN | 2017-05-05 06:00:00 | pm10 | 153.8 | 2017-05-05 |
| Southampton Background AURN | 2016-01-01 01:00:00 | pm10 | 149.6 | 2016-01-01 |
| Southampton - A33 Roadside AURN | 2017-05-05 14:00:00 | pm10 | 149.2 | 2017-05-05 |
| Southampton - A33 Roadside AURN | 2017-06-19 06:00:00 | pm10 | 149.0 | 2017-06-19 |
| Southampton - A33 Roadside AURN | 2016-11-30 05:00:00 | pm10 | 146.1 | 2016-11-30 |
| Southampton - A33 Roadside AURN | 2017-05-05 11:00:00 | pm10 | 136.9 | 2017-05-05 |
| Southampton - A33 Roadside AURN | 2016-08-09 09:00:00 | pm10 | 133.3 | 2016-08-09 |
| Southampton - A33 Roadside AURN | 2017-05-04 22:00:00 | pm10 | 132.2 | 2017-05-04 |
| Southampton - A33 Roadside AURN | 2017-06-19 02:00:00 | pm10 | 132.2 | 2017-06-19 |
| Southampton - A33 Roadside AURN | 2016-08-09 06:00:00 | pm10 | 130.3 | 2016-08-09 |
| Southampton - A33 Roadside AURN | 2017-05-05 02:00:00 | pm10 | 129.4 | 2017-05-05 |
| Southampton - A33 Roadside AURN | 2017-06-18 21:00:00 | pm10 | 126.7 | 2017-06-18 |
| Southampton - A33 Roadside AURN | 2016-08-09 03:00:00 | pm10 | 125.7 | 2016-08-09 |
| Southampton - A33 Roadside AURN | 2016-03-08 11:00:00 | pm10 | 125.3 | 2016-03-08 |
| Southampton - A33 Roadside AURN | 2017-12-02 10:00:00 | pm10 | 122.3 | 2017-12-02 |
| Southampton - A33 Roadside AURN | 2017-05-05 04:00:00 | pm10 | 120.9 | 2017-05-05 |
| Southampton - A33 Roadside AURN | 2017-12-05 07:00:00 | pm10 | 120.9 | 2017-12-05 |
| Southampton - A33 Roadside AURN | 2017-04-13 19:00:00 | pm10 | 120.4 | 2017-04-13 |
| Southampton - A33 Roadside AURN | 2017-10-18 15:00:00 | pm10 | 120.0 | 2017-10-18 |
| Southampton - A33 Roadside AURN | 2016-02-16 10:00:00 | pm10 | 119.8 | 2016-02-16 |
| Southampton Background AURN | 2017-11-02 19:00:00 | pm10 | 119.1 | 2017-11-02 |
| Southampton - A33 Roadside AURN | 2016-03-08 08:00:00 | pm10 | 115.5 | 2016-03-08 |
| Southampton - A33 Roadside AURN | 2016-03-12 10:00:00 | pm10 | 114.7 | 2016-03-12 |
| Southampton Background AURN | 2019-12-02 18:00:00 | pm10 | 114.3 | 2019-12-02 |
| Southampton - A33 Roadside AURN | 2016-07-25 14:00:00 | pm10 | 111.2 | 2016-07-25 |
| Southampton - A33 Roadside AURN | 2017-01-19 18:00:00 | pm10 | 110.6 | 2017-01-19 |
| Southampton - A33 Roadside AURN | 2017-10-18 16:00:00 | pm10 | 110.2 | 2017-10-18 |
| Southampton - A33 Roadside AURN | 2016-08-09 11:00:00 | pm10 | 109.9 | 2016-08-09 |
| Southampton - A33 Roadside AURN | 2016-02-25 08:00:00 | pm10 | 109.7 | 2016-02-25 |
| Southampton - A33 Roadside AURN | 2017-06-16 09:00:00 | pm10 | 109.6 | 2017-06-16 |
| Southampton Background AURN | 2017-12-20 00:00:00 | pm10 | 109.3 | 2017-12-20 |
| Southampton - A33 Roadside AURN | 2016-11-30 07:00:00 | pm10 | 109.1 | 2016-11-30 |
| Southampton Background AURN | 2019-12-02 21:00:00 | pm10 | 109.1 | 2019-12-02 |
| Southampton - A33 Roadside AURN | 2017-01-22 11:00:00 | pm10 | 108.9 | 2017-01-22 |
| Southampton - A33 Roadside AURN | 2016-09-19 15:00:00 | pm10 | 107.9 | 2016-09-19 |
| Southampton - A33 Roadside AURN | 2016-03-12 09:00:00 | pm10 | 107.0 | 2016-03-12 |
| Southampton - A33 Roadside AURN | 2018-07-06 04:00:00 | pm10 | 106.4 | 2018-07-06 |
| Southampton - A33 Roadside AURN | 2016-03-12 11:00:00 | pm10 | 105.4 | 2016-03-12 |
| Southampton - A33 Roadside AURN | 2016-02-19 10:00:00 | pm10 | 105.2 | 2016-02-19 |
| Southampton Background AURN | 2017-11-02 20:00:00 | pm10 | 105.2 | 2017-11-02 |
| Southampton - A33 Roadside AURN | 2017-01-05 12:00:00 | pm10 | 104.8 | 2017-01-05 |
| Southampton - A33 Roadside AURN | 2017-12-02 11:00:00 | pm10 | 104.8 | 2017-12-02 |
| Southampton - A33 Roadside AURN | 2017-10-18 14:00:00 | pm10 | 104.6 | 2017-10-18 |
| Southampton Background AURN | 2017-12-19 23:00:00 | pm10 | 104.4 | 2017-12-19 |
| Southampton Background AURN | 2019-03-29 22:00:00 | pm10 | 102.8 | 2019-03-29 |
| Southampton - A33 Roadside AURN | 2018-02-08 10:00:00 | pm10 | 102.5 | 2018-02-08 |
| Southampton - A33 Roadside AURN | 2018-07-05 09:00:00 | pm10 | 101.8 | 2018-07-05 |
| Southampton - A33 Roadside AURN | 2018-07-06 05:00:00 | pm10 | 101.8 | 2018-07-06 |
| Southampton - A33 Roadside AURN | 2016-11-30 16:00:00 | pm10 | 100.3 | 2016-11-30 |
| Southampton - A33 Roadside AURN | 2017-01-19 17:00:00 | pm10 | 100.1 | 2017-01-19 |
p <- makeDotPlot(lDT[variable == "pm10"], xVar = "obsDateTime", yVar = "value",
byVar = "site", yLab = yLab)
if (doPlotly) {
plotly::ggplotly(p) # interactive
} else {
p
}
Figure 4.5: PM10 levels, Southampton (hourly)
pm10DT <- dt[!is.na(pm10)]
plotDT <- lDT[variable == "pm10", .(mean = mean(value, na.rm = TRUE)),
keyby = .(obsDate, site)]
t <- plotDT[mean > dailyPm10Threshold_WHO][order(-mean)]
kableExtra::kable(caption = paste0("Values greater than WHO threshold (PM 10 > ",
dailyPm10Threshold_WHO , ")"),
digits = 2,
t) %>%
kable_styling()
| obsDate | site | mean |
|---|---|---|
| 2016-08-09 | Southampton - A33 Roadside AURN | 144.48 |
| 2017-06-19 | Southampton - A33 Roadside AURN | 143.66 |
| 2017-05-05 | Southampton - A33 Roadside AURN | 88.94 |
| 2016-09-19 | Southampton - A33 Roadside AURN | 88.46 |
| 2016-11-30 | Southampton - A33 Roadside AURN | 79.25 |
| 2016-03-12 | Southampton - A33 Roadside AURN | 72.00 |
| 2017-01-22 | Southampton - A33 Roadside AURN | 66.86 |
| 2019-02-27 | Southampton Background AURN | 64.67 |
| 2019-02-27 | Southampton - A33 Roadside AURN | 60.60 |
| 2019-04-17 | Southampton Background AURN | 58.37 |
| 2016-12-01 | Southampton - A33 Roadside AURN | 54.81 |
| 2017-01-26 | Southampton - A33 Roadside AURN | 53.90 |
| 2019-03-29 | Southampton Background AURN | 53.69 |
| 2017-12-19 | Southampton Background AURN | 53.66 |
| 2016-12-06 | Southampton - A33 Roadside AURN | 53.45 |
| 2019-04-17 | Southampton - A33 Roadside AURN | 53.09 |
| 2019-04-07 | Southampton Background AURN | 52.94 |
| 2018-04-21 | Southampton Background AURN | 52.32 |
| 2019-03-30 | Southampton Background AURN | 51.66 |
| 2019-04-22 | Southampton Background AURN | 50.86 |
| 2019-02-23 | Southampton Background AURN | 50.22 |
p <- makeDotPlot(plotDT,
xVar = "obsDate",
yVar = "mean",
byVar = "site",
yLab = yLab)
p <- p +
geom_hline(yintercept = dailyPm10Threshold_WHO) +
geom_smooth() + # add smoothed line
labs(caption = "Trend line = Generalized additive model (gam) with integrated smoothness estimation")
if(doPlotly){
plotly::ggplotly(p) # interactive
} else {
p
}
Figure 4.6: PM10 levels, Southampton (daily mean, WHO daily threshold shown in red - use mouse to hover over data)
Figure 4.6 shows daily values for all sites and indicates the 21 that cross the WHO PM10 daily mean exposure threshold (50) - see Table 4.7.
yLab <- "PM 2.5 (ug/m3)"
t <- dt[, .(mean = mean(pm2_5, na.rm = TRUE), sd = sd(pm2_5, na.rm = TRUE),
min = min(pm2_5, na.rm = TRUE), max = max(pm2_5, na.rm = TRUE)), keyby = .(site)]
kableExtra::kable(t, caption = "Summary of pm2_5 data") %>% kable_styling()
| site | mean | sd | min | max |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Southampton - A33 Roadside AURN | NaN | NA | Inf | -Inf |
| Southampton - Bitterne | NaN | NA | Inf | -Inf |
| Southampton - Onslow Road | NaN | NA | Inf | -Inf |
| Southampton - Redbridge | NaN | NA | Inf | -Inf |
| Southampton - Victoria Road | NaN | NA | Inf | -Inf |
| Southampton Background AURN | 12.15377 | 9.584743 | -4 | 289.2 |
Table 4.8 suggests that there may be a few (89) negative values. These are shown in 4.9 while 4.7 shows data availability and PM 2.5 levels over time at each site.
t <- head(dt[pm2_5 < 0], nrow(dt[pm2_5 < 0]))
kableExtra::kable(t, caption = "Negative pm2_5 values") %>% kable_styling()
| nox | nox2 | noxes | pm10 | site | co | oz | pm2_5 | so2 | obsDateTime |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 41.8 | 55.2 | 119.2 | 5.8 | Southampton Background AURN | NA | 16.8 | -0.8 | 4.5 | 2016-01-02 17:00:00 |
| 2.5 | 26.4 | 30.1 | 12.6 | Southampton Background AURN | NA | 48.1 | -0.9 | 0.2 | 2016-01-04 03:00:00 |
| 2.9 | 24.2 | 28.6 | 11.7 | Southampton Background AURN | NA | 44.0 | -0.3 | 0.8 | 2016-01-04 23:00:00 |
| 1.0 | 15.7 | 17.3 | 9.1 | Southampton Background AURN | NA | 49.8 | -1.0 | 1.1 | 2016-01-05 01:00:00 |
| 2.5 | 14.5 | 18.3 | 7.8 | Southampton Background AURN | NA | 69.5 | -0.3 | 4.6 | 2016-01-09 22:00:00 |
| 3.5 | 18.2 | 23.6 | 5.6 | Southampton Background AURN | NA | 60.8 | -0.9 | 4.9 | 2016-01-09 23:00:00 |
| 1.3 | 5.2 | 7.2 | 13.3 | Southampton Background AURN | NA | 69.6 | -0.5 | 1.4 | 2016-01-10 03:00:00 |
| 1.4 | 35.7 | 37.8 | 3.0 | Southampton Background AURN | NA | 36.6 | -0.7 | 2.3 | 2016-01-14 04:00:00 |
| 6.3 | 48.0 | 57.6 | 3.1 | Southampton Background AURN | NA | 26.0 | -0.7 | 2.5 | 2016-01-14 05:00:00 |
| 3.9 | 16.2 | 22.1 | 2.4 | Southampton Background AURN | NA | 54.2 | -2.0 | 2.3 | 2016-01-14 14:00:00 |
| 0.0 | 3.5 | 3.5 | 6.1 | Southampton Background AURN | NA | 70.6 | -0.6 | 2.3 | 2016-01-27 01:00:00 |
| 0.2 | 4.0 | 4.4 | 7.6 | Southampton Background AURN | NA | 70.1 | -0.2 | 2.2 | 2016-01-27 03:00:00 |
| 0.7 | 5.7 | 6.8 | 7.8 | Southampton Background AURN | NA | 68.7 | -0.5 | 2.4 | 2016-01-27 04:00:00 |
| 5.9 | 18.2 | 27.3 | 7.5 | Southampton Background AURN | NA | 57.5 | -0.9 | 2.9 | 2016-01-27 07:00:00 |
| 7.4 | 19.7 | 31.0 | 7.9 | Southampton Background AURN | NA | 56.0 | -2.3 | 3.0 | 2016-01-27 08:00:00 |
| 6.3 | 19.1 | 28.9 | 4.7 | Southampton Background AURN | NA | 55.2 | -1.0 | 3.4 | 2016-01-27 10:00:00 |
| 6.8 | 18.2 | 28.6 | 7.0 | Southampton Background AURN | NA | 57.2 | -1.5 | 3.4 | 2016-01-27 11:00:00 |
| 6.7 | 18.7 | 28.9 | 3.1 | Southampton Background AURN | NA | 57.4 | -0.7 | 3.8 | 2016-01-27 13:00:00 |
| NA | NA | NA | 13.7 | Southampton Background AURN | NA | 71.6 | -0.4 | 0.5 | 2016-01-29 02:00:00 |
| 2.0 | 32.3 | 35.4 | NA | Southampton Background AURN | NA | 49.6 | -0.9 | 1.7 | 2016-01-30 04:00:00 |
| 1.4 | 22.1 | 24.4 | NA | Southampton Background AURN | NA | 53.0 | -0.3 | 1.5 | 2016-01-30 05:00:00 |
| 2.6 | 16.7 | 20.6 | 4.3 | Southampton Background AURN | NA | 61.2 | -0.6 | 2.0 | 2016-01-31 09:00:00 |
| 11.1 | 44.1 | 61.1 | 7.9 | Southampton Background AURN | NA | 29.6 | -2.1 | 2.8 | 2016-01-31 11:00:00 |
| 15.6 | 51.5 | 75.4 | 6.5 | Southampton Background AURN | NA | 21.3 | -0.5 | 2.4 | 2016-01-31 12:00:00 |
| 19.0 | 52.3 | 81.5 | 1.9 | Southampton Background AURN | NA | 20.0 | -0.3 | 2.6 | 2016-01-31 13:00:00 |
| 4.2 | 18.3 | 24.7 | 4.0 | Southampton Background AURN | NA | 46.1 | -1.4 | 1.9 | 2016-01-31 17:00:00 |
| 3.2 | 26.4 | 31.3 | NA | Southampton Background AURN | NA | 60.5 | -2.1 | 5.4 | 2016-02-06 22:00:00 |
| 3.7 | 20.9 | 26.5 | 8.1 | Southampton Background AURN | NA | 51.5 | -0.6 | 2.0 | 2016-02-19 23:00:00 |
| 3.6 | 35.3 | 40.7 | 0.7 | Southampton Background AURN | NA | 37.6 | -1.0 | 1.4 | 2016-02-20 01:00:00 |
| 2.9 | 25.7 | 30.2 | 2.9 | Southampton Background AURN | NA | 48.4 | -0.7 | 1.1 | 2016-02-21 00:00:00 |
| 3.5 | 12.5 | 17.8 | 2.6 | Southampton Background AURN | NA | 58.0 | -0.9 | 1.1 | 2016-02-21 09:00:00 |
| 1.5 | 25.6 | 27.9 | 2.2 | Southampton Background AURN | NA | 47.0 | -0.4 | 1.9 | 2016-02-22 03:00:00 |
| 9.7 | 42.9 | 57.7 | 3.5 | Southampton Background AURN | NA | 32.5 | -0.7 | 2.1 | 2016-02-22 06:00:00 |
| 0.6 | 11.2 | 12.2 | 3.5 | Southampton Background AURN | NA | 59.7 | -0.1 | 3.6 | 2016-03-04 03:00:00 |
| 1.9 | 24.7 | 27.5 | 3.9 | Southampton Background AURN | NA | 46.1 | -0.2 | 3.7 | 2016-03-04 04:00:00 |
| 19.0 | 36.3 | 65.4 | 7.2 | Southampton Background AURN | NA | 45.5 | -0.4 | 4.9 | 2016-03-04 13:00:00 |
| 6.3 | 24.4 | 34.1 | NA | Southampton Background AURN | NA | 42.7 | -1.1 | 4.7 | 2016-03-09 11:00:00 |
| 1.8 | 28.2 | 31.0 | 2.6 | Southampton Background AURN | NA | 41.8 | -1.0 | 1.9 | 2016-03-25 03:00:00 |
| 0.5 | 12.4 | 13.2 | 3.6 | Southampton Background AURN | NA | 48.8 | -0.2 | 1.3 | 2016-03-25 04:00:00 |
| 4.6 | 35.7 | 42.8 | 5.1 | Southampton Background AURN | NA | 44.4 | -0.7 | 4.5 | 2016-03-26 23:00:00 |
| 2.1 | 14.1 | 17.4 | 1.0 | Southampton Background AURN | NA | 65.2 | -1.1 | 6.3 | 2016-03-28 05:00:00 |
| 5.0 | 35.8 | 43.4 | 2.1 | Southampton Background AURN | NA | 48.8 | -1.5 | 3.6 | 2016-03-28 17:00:00 |
| 1.0 | 7.5 | 9.0 | 5.8 | Southampton Background AURN | NA | 68.9 | -0.8 | 1.9 | 2016-04-09 03:00:00 |
| 1.1 | 15.8 | 17.5 | 7.1 | Southampton Background AURN | NA | 56.0 | -0.9 | 2.1 | 2016-04-09 05:00:00 |
| 5.4 | 17.1 | 25.3 | 3.8 | Southampton Background AURN | NA | 47.7 | -1.0 | 1.9 | 2016-04-16 09:00:00 |
| 4.9 | 17.5 | 25.0 | -0.9 | Southampton Background AURN | NA | 48.7 | -0.3 | 1.4 | 2016-04-16 10:00:00 |
| 6.7 | 19.2 | 29.5 | 5.6 | Southampton Background AURN | NA | 48.7 | -0.4 | 1.2 | 2016-04-16 12:00:00 |
| 4.6 | 16.1 | 23.1 | 2.4 | Southampton Background AURN | NA | 60.8 | -1.1 | 1.3 | 2016-04-17 12:00:00 |
| 7.4 | 25.7 | 37.0 | 10.8 | Southampton Background AURN | NA | 51.4 | -0.5 | 1.7 | 2016-04-29 17:00:00 |
| 13.1 | 44.3 | 64.3 | 13.7 | Southampton Background AURN | NA | 13.6 | -1.2 | 1.6 | 2016-05-03 05:00:00 |
| 0.7 | 5.7 | 6.7 | NA | Southampton Background AURN | NA | 28.2 | -0.2 | 0.9 | 2016-06-20 01:00:00 |
| 10.7 | 14.1 | 30.5 | NA | Southampton Background AURN | NA | 22.9 | -1.0 | 1.2 | 2016-06-20 05:00:00 |
| 6.6 | 31.8 | 41.9 | 2.2 | Southampton Background AURN | NA | 61.6 | -1.2 | 1.8 | 2017-02-03 19:00:00 |
| 2.5 | 21.9 | 25.6 | 3.9 | Southampton Background AURN | NA | 76.7 | -0.3 | 1.3 | 2017-02-26 23:00:00 |
| 0.7 | 22.4 | 23.4 | 2.8 | Southampton Background AURN | NA | 82.1 | -0.2 | 0.5 | 2017-02-27 01:00:00 |
| 1.7 | 19.7 | 22.4 | 10.3 | Southampton Background AURN | NA | 71.4 | -1.1 | 0.5 | 2017-03-04 02:00:00 |
| 1.4 | 18.2 | 20.3 | 6.9 | Southampton Background AURN | NA | 75.5 | -0.3 | 5.3 | 2017-03-05 07:00:00 |
| 3.1 | 24.8 | 29.5 | 4.6 | Southampton Background AURN | NA | 52.3 | -0.4 | 0.7 | 2017-03-08 05:00:00 |
| 0.5 | 4.2 | 5.0 | 6.9 | Southampton Background AURN | NA | 84.7 | -0.5 | 0.8 | 2017-03-20 04:00:00 |
| 3.5 | 11.0 | 16.4 | NA | Southampton Background AURN | NA | 72.1 | -1.5 | 0.5 | 2017-04-25 12:00:00 |
| NA | NA | NA | NA | Southampton Background AURN | NA | NA | -0.7 | 1.3 | 2017-05-17 13:00:00 |
| 5.0 | 17.4 | 25.1 | 2.8 | Southampton Background AURN | NA | 35.8 | -0.9 | 0.7 | 2017-10-01 14:00:00 |
| 0.6 | 4.6 | 5.5 | 4.0 | Southampton Background AURN | NA | 79.5 | -0.2 | 1.6 | 2017-10-21 00:00:00 |
| 2.8 | 25.0 | 29.2 | 3.5 | Southampton Background AURN | NA | 43.8 | -0.7 | 0.3 | 2017-11-23 22:00:00 |
| 2.2 | 12.1 | 15.4 | 13.2 | Southampton Background AURN | NA | 53.3 | -0.1 | 0.6 | 2017-11-26 23:00:00 |
| 4.3 | 21.2 | 27.8 | 13.2 | Southampton Background AURN | NA | 39.4 | -1.4 | 0.9 | 2017-12-03 10:00:00 |
| 4.4 | 29.8 | 36.4 | 9.3 | Southampton Background AURN | NA | 45.3 | -3.7 | 0.7 | 2017-12-24 07:00:00 |
| 3.4 | 19.9 | 25.2 | 7.5 | Southampton Background AURN | NA | 54.0 | -0.7 | 1.0 | 2017-12-24 09:00:00 |
| 6.2 | 30.6 | 40.1 | 14.2 | Southampton Background AURN | NA | 48.1 | -0.4 | 1.7 | 2017-12-24 16:00:00 |
| 2.4 | 15.8 | 19.4 | 13.5 | Southampton Background AURN | NA | 62.9 | -3.8 | 1.6 | 2017-12-24 20:00:00 |
| 9.4 | 16.5 | 30.9 | 15.0 | Southampton Background AURN | NA | 55.0 | -0.4 | 1.5 | 2017-12-25 08:00:00 |
| 0.8 | 6.2 | 7.5 | 2.7 | Southampton Background AURN | NA | 72.4 | -0.6 | 4.0 | 2017-12-25 21:00:00 |
| 2.1 | 25.9 | 29.1 | 3.9 | Southampton Background AURN | NA | 54.3 | -0.8 | 3.7 | 2017-12-25 23:00:00 |
| 1.4 | 25.9 | 28.0 | 5.8 | Southampton Background AURN | NA | 50.9 | -0.2 | 0.8 | 2017-12-26 03:00:00 |
| 1.3 | 23.2 | 25.2 | 5.0 | Southampton Background AURN | NA | 50.4 | -1.4 | 0.5 | 2017-12-26 04:00:00 |
| 1.2 | 19.7 | 21.5 | 20.3 | Southampton Background AURN | NA | 61.8 | -3.5 | 4.5 | 2017-12-27 01:00:00 |
| 4.0 | 17.8 | 24.1 | 18.0 | Southampton Background AURN | NA | 78.3 | -0.6 | 1.5 | 2017-12-29 13:00:00 |
| 2.4 | 13.0 | 16.7 | 5.6 | Southampton Background AURN | NA | 66.2 | -3.0 | 1.8 | 2018-01-01 13:00:00 |
| 1.2 | 8.4 | 10.2 | 17.4 | Southampton Background AURN | NA | 71.7 | -2.9 | 1.7 | 2018-01-01 14:00:00 |
| 21.2 | 60.4 | 93.0 | 18.4 | Southampton Background AURN | NA | 25.0 | -0.9 | 1.4 | 2018-01-05 15:00:00 |
| 5.2 | 16.0 | 24.0 | 5.4 | Southampton Background AURN | NA | 68.3 | -4.0 | 1.3 | 2018-01-15 07:00:00 |
| 12.9 | 43.2 | 63.0 | 5.4 | Southampton Background AURN | NA | 43.9 | -0.8 | 1.1 | 2018-01-18 14:00:00 |
| 14.3 | 47.5 | 69.4 | 7.7 | Southampton Background AURN | NA | 37.6 | -0.9 | 0.9 | 2018-01-18 15:00:00 |
| 2.1 | 24.2 | 27.4 | 5.5 | Southampton Background AURN | NA | 54.4 | -1.8 | 0.8 | 2018-01-28 07:00:00 |
| 3.0 | 10.9 | 15.5 | 11.1 | Southampton Background AURN | NA | 26.4 | -1.4 | 0.8 | 2018-08-24 04:00:00 |
| 6.2 | 16.5 | 26.1 | 7.1 | Southampton Background AURN | NA | 20.2 | -2.0 | 0.5 | 2018-08-25 05:00:00 |
| 2.3 | 13.3 | 16.9 | 13.2 | Southampton Background AURN | NA | 23.0 | -1.9 | 0.4 | 2018-09-07 04:00:00 |
| 4.8 | 16.4 | 23.7 | 8.6 | Southampton Background AURN | NA | 35.9 | -0.9 | 0.8 | 2018-10-27 07:00:00 |
| 0.9 | 6.1 | 7.5 | 7.0 | Southampton Background AURN | NA | 74.0 | -1.7 | 0.2 | 2018-12-07 02:00:00 |
p <- makeTilePlot(lDT[variable == "pm2_5"], xVar = "obsDateTime", yVar = "site",
fillVar = "value", yLab = yLab)
p
Figure 4.7: Availability and level of PM 10 data over time
Figure 4.8 shows hourly values for all sites.
t <- lDT[variable == "pm2_5" & value > 200][order(-value)]
kableExtra::kable(caption = "Extreme hourly values (PM 2.5 > 50)", t) %>% kable_styling()
| site | obsDateTime | variable | value | obsDate |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Southampton Background AURN | 2016-01-01 00:00:00 | pm2_5 | 289.2 | 2016-01-01 |
| Southampton Background AURN | 2019-10-27 20:00:00 | pm2_5 | 239.1 | 2019-10-27 |
p <- makeDotPlot(lDT[variable == "pm2_5"], xVar = "obsDateTime", yVar = "value",
byVar = "site", yLab = yLab)
if (doPlotly) {
plotly::ggplotly(p) # interactive
} else {
p
}
Figure 4.8: PM2_5 levels, Southampton (hourly - use mouse to hover over data)
plotDT <- lDT[variable == "pm2_5", .(mean = mean(value, na.rm = TRUE)),
keyby = .(obsDate, site)]
t <- plotDT[mean > dailyPm2.5Threshold_WHO][order(-mean)]
kableExtra::kable(caption = paste0("Top 10 values greater than WHO threshold (PM 2.5 > ",
dailyPm2.5Threshold_WHO , ")"),
digits = 2,
head(t,10)) %>%
kable_styling()
| obsDate | site | mean |
|---|---|---|
| 2016-03-12 | Southampton Background AURN | 64.79 |
| 2019-04-17 | Southampton Background AURN | 49.04 |
| 2016-03-13 | Southampton Background AURN | 47.79 |
| 2019-04-07 | Southampton Background AURN | 46.90 |
| 2019-02-27 | Southampton Background AURN | 43.64 |
| 2019-03-29 | Southampton Background AURN | 43.60 |
| 2019-04-22 | Southampton Background AURN | 42.92 |
| 2017-02-12 | Southampton Background AURN | 42.25 |
| 2018-04-21 | Southampton Background AURN | 41.96 |
| 2016-03-11 | Southampton Background AURN | 41.80 |
p <- makeDotPlot(plotDT,
xVar = "obsDate",
yVar = "mean",
byVar = "site",
yLab = yLab)
p <- p +
geom_hline(yintercept = dailyPm2.5Threshold_WHO) +
geom_smooth() + #add smoothed line
labs(caption = "Trend line = Generalized additive model (gam) with integrated smoothness estimation")
if(doPlotly){
plotly::ggplotly(p) # interactive
} else {
p
}
Figure 4.9: PM2_5 levels, Southampton (daily mean)
Figure 4.9 shows daily values for all sites and indicates that the WHO PM2_5 daily mean exposure threshold (25) was breached on 80 days. The 10 worst cases are shown in Table 4.11.
Report generated using knitr in RStudio with R version 3.5.2 (2018-12-20) running on x86_64-apple-darwin15.6.0 (Darwin Kernel Version 17.7.0: Fri Oct 4 23:08:59 PDT 2019; root:xnu-4570.71.57~1/RELEASE_X86_64).
t <- proc.time() - startTime
elapsed <- t[[3]]
Analysis completed in 46.55 seconds ( 0.78 minutes).
R packages used:
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Müller, Kirill. 2017. Here: A Simpler Way to Find Your Files. https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=here.
Sievert, Carson, Chris Parmer, Toby Hocking, Scott Chamberlain, Karthik Ram, Marianne Corvellec, and Pedro Despouy. 2016. Plotly: Create Interactive Web Graphics via ’Plotly.js’. https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=plotly.
Wickham, Hadley. 2009. Ggplot2: Elegant Graphics for Data Analysis. Springer-Verlag New York. http://ggplot2.org.
Zhu, Hao. 2018. KableExtra: Construct Complex Table with ’Kable’ and Pipe Syntax. https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=kableExtra.